Why Did the Taliban Win (Again) in Afghanistan?

The paper explores the long-term developments and dynamics in Afghanistan, which enabled Taliban to capture state August 2021. It suggests that Taliban’s success was by failure of international intervention build legitimate authority Afghanistan. Three factors contributed this failure: First, different actors were part country pursued competing agendas, especially with ‘War on Terror’ undermining human rights state-building. Second, a gap between Afghan internationally supported its citizens evolved grew larger over time, due risk mitigation measures applied. Third, day-to-day interactions ordinary people Afghanistan had often perceived as corrupt extractive, making it difficult for convey working interest citizens.